A study by Israeli researchers published in the journal Nature reported that cellular structures known as proteasomes not only facilitate the breakdown of damaged proteins, but also generate small protein fragments, collectively referred to as peptides, that attack bacterial infections. Using lab experiments and computer modeling, the scientists identified hundreds of thousands of potential antimicrobial peptides from normal proteasome activity.

The study demonstrated the enhanced ability of proteasomes to produce protective peptides when confronted with a bacterial infection. To test this, scientists inhibited proteasome production in one group of human cells and left another group unaltered. Both groups were then exposed to salmonella. The infection thrived within the cells lacking proteasomes but was eradicated in the control group. This discovery could lead to the development of improved antibiotics and other infection-fighting therapies